ABSTRACT
The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been significantly increasing in China. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring component in cruciferous vegetables, is an effective cancer therapy. Yet, its effect and action mechanism in ESCC are still not fully understood. This study explored the role of I3C in ESCC in vitro and in vivo by focusing on the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. MTT and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis in EC18 and TE1 cells, while wound healing and transwell assays were used to investigate cell migration and invasion in vitro. Expression of ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 was determined by Western blot; LiCl (an agonist of the canonical Wnt signaling that inhibits GSK3ß activity) was used to assess the role of I3C on the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. For in vivo experiments, nude BALB/c mice bearing EC18 xenografts were treated with I3C and/or LiCl. I3C promoted ESCC apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion by downregulating ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in vitro and decreased the tumor growth in vivo; this process was reversed by LiCl treatment. In summary, I3C inhibits ESCC malignant behavior by suppressing the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thus deeming it a promising drug for ESCC treatment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of lumbar tender point deep tissue massage plus lumbar traction on chronic non-specific low back pain using change in pressure pain threshold, muscle hardness and pain intensity as indices. METHODS: We randomly divided 64 patients into a treatment group (32 cases) and a control group (32 cases). Two drop-outs occurred in each group. Patients in the treatment group received tender point deep tissue massage plus lumbar traction and patients in the control group received lumbar traction, alone. We used a tissue hardness meter/algometer and visual analog scale (VAS) to assess the pressure pain threshold, muscle hardness and pain intensity. RESULTS: Following treatment, we obtained the following results in the treatment and control groups, respectively: the pressure pain threshold difference was 1.5 +/- 0.8 and 1.1 +/- 0.7; the muscle hardness difference was 4.2 +/- 1.6 and 3.5 +/- 1.3; and the VAS score difference was 1.9 +/- 0.9 and 1.4 +/- 0.8. Compared to the control group, the treatment group had higher pressure pain threshold (t = 2.09, P < 0.05), and lower muscle hardness (t = 2.05, P < 0.05) and pain intensity (t = 2.46, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lumbar tender point deep tissue massage combined with lumbar traction produced better improvement in pressure pain threshold, muscle hardness and pain intensity in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain than with lumbar traction alone.
Subject(s)
Low Back Pain/therapy , Massage , Acupuncture Points , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Lumbosacral Region , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pain due to chronic soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder is a commonly encountered and frequently occurring condition. Traditional Chinese medicine is a common course of treatment for soft tissue injury and may have better therapeutic effects than biomedical options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine warming meridians to nourish blood on chronic pain due to soft tissue injury in the neck and shoulder. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: A random and control method was adopted. Sixty-three patients with pain of the neck and shoulder due to chronic soft tissue injury, presenting with blood deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome, were randomly divided into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=31). There was a drop-out case in treatment group. All the patients were collected from the clinic service of the Department of Rehabilitation at the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. Patients received oral and written information about clinical procedures before signing their written informed consent. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Chinese herbal decoctions for warming meridians to nourish blood and cervical traction. Patients in the control group were treated with cervical traction. The course of treatment was 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record test data in the two groups before and after treatment, and therapeutic effect was compared after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, VAS scores of the treatment group and the control group were decreased as compared with before treatment (t=5.01, P<0.01; t=4.91, P<0.01). Difference of VAS scores between before and after treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (t=2.44, P0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment method of warming meridians to nourish blood combined with cervical traction has better therapeutic effect than only applying traction for chronic pain due to soft tissue injury of the neck and shoulder.
